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In 1868, with Iowa fast outgrowing its only prison in Fort Madison, state lawmakers began thinking about building a new penitentiary. Several cities around the state vied for the prestige and economic benefits the new prison would provide. Anamosa, a rapidly growing town of 2,000 in east-central Iowa, was ultimately awarded the prize, in no small measure because of its proximity to some of the largest and finest dolomite limestone deposits in the world, coveted as the perfect building material for the massive institution. From 1873 until major construction ended in 1943, inmate workers literally built walls around themselves, slowly erecting a structure from the Iowa prairie whose imposing and magnificent architecture would continue to command respect and awe even to the present day. From Wild West bad man Polk Wells and boy-murderer Wesley Elkins to heinous mass murderer John Wayne Gacy, many have passed through Anamosa's iron gates and, with the quietly dedicated men and women who managed them, have contributed to the rich tapestry of Anamosa prison history.

The Iowa State Patrol was started by Iowa's first female secretary of state, Ola Babcock Miller, who was a champion for highway safety. Her vision for the Iowa Highway Patrol was a group of well-trained officers who would enforce Iowa's traffic laws but also, more critical to her, spread the word about the importance of safe driving. In 1935, fifty men were sworn in as officers of the Iowa Highway Safety Patrol. Known thereafter as the "First Fifty," they had been selected from a group of more than 3,000 applicants and more than 100 invited for the initial training at Camp Dodge. One member of that group, Buck Cole, proposed the patrol's motto of "Courtesy-Service-Protection," a tradition that has been passed down through the generations to today's Iowa State Patrol, whose male and female troopers promote Mrs. Miller's original premise of keeping the driving public safe.