Name: Celtics in Black and White, The
Brand: Richard A. Johnson
SKU: 9780738545301
Price: 26.99 USD
Availability: InStock

Celtics in Black and White, The

9780738545301

$26.99

Founded by Walter Brown in 1946, the Boston Celtics are one of the two charter members of the NBA, along with the New York Knickerbockers, to play in their city of origin. They are also the most honored franchise in professional basketball history, with 16 world titles to date. The list of hall of fame players to wear Celtic green includes an impressive roster of Bob Cousy, Bill Russell, John Havlicek, Sam Jones, Tom Heinsohn, Dave Cowens, Larry Bird, and Kevin McHale--to name just a few. Under the guidance of legendary head coach Red Auerbach, the Celtics established a seemingly unbreakable record of consecutive championships, with eight straight from 1959 to 1966. They are one of the few powerhouse dynasties in North American sports. With a foreword by hall of famer Dave Cowens, The Celtics in Black and White tells the story of this dynamic franchise through more than 200 photographs, many published here for the first time.

Martha's Vineyard in the Roaring Twenties

9781467152662

$23.99

The Roaring Twenties were filled with a range of events, experiences, fears, laws and advances that impacted Martha's Vineyard. Island residents were involved in rumrunning. Dozens died of the Spanish Flu. Women voted on Island. Dorothy West joined the Harlem Renaissance. Immigration from the Azores slowed, and airplanes landed in Katama. Tourism blossomed and business boomed. Local author Thomas Dresser shares the back story and the import of this remarkable decade and how it has shaped Vineyarders.

Martha's Vineyard in the Roaring Twenties

Indian Americans of Massachusetts

9781625859440

$21.99

Indians are the most recent immigrants in Massachusetts. Though a tiny minority, their contributions are numerous and far-reaching. Swami Vivekananda arrived in Boston in 1893 and left a lasting legacy of Hindu philosophy. Sushil Tuli opened a unique community bank, Leader Bank, as the first and only minority-owned bank in the state of Massachusetts. The Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation at MIT, created with the grant of $20 million by Desh and Jaishree Deshpande, empowers MIT's researchers to make a difference in the world by developing innovative technologies. Author Meenal Atul Pandya details the influence of Indians on Massachusetts history.

Pittsfield:

9781596294080

$26.99

Carole Owens, author of the sumptuous Berkshire Cottages, presents a new work on the glories of Pittsfield, the New England village that became the "Gem City" of the Gilded Age.
The aristocratic lifestyles of John D. Rockefeller, William Stanley and fellow captains of industry demanded equally glamorous houses: all are here, along with stories of a star-studded society era that included Edwin Hake Lincoln, Herman Melville and Wild Bill Hickok. Author Carole Owens brings Pittsfield's lavish estates out from the shadow of its neighbors Lenox and Stockbridge, and chronicles the city during one of the most decadent periods in history.

Hidden History of Boston

9781625858740

$21.99

Boston is one of America's most historic cities, but it has quite a bit of unseen past.

Riotous mobs celebrated their hatred of the pope in an annual celebration called Pope's Night during the colonial era. A centuries-long turf war played out on the streets of quiet Chinatown, ending in the massacre of five men in a back alley in 1991. William Monroe Trotter published the Boston Guardian, an independent African American newspaper, and was a beacon of civil rights activism at the turn of the century. Author and historian Dina Vargo shines a light into the cobwebbed corners of Boston's hidden history.

Mount Holyoke College

9780738505183

$24.99

Early missives from Mount Holyoke College for women reveal a look at postcards from students at the groundbreaking institution.

By the turn of the nineteenth century, Mount Holyoke College had already built a strong reputation as a female seminary and was emerging as a top-ranked women's college, especially for students in the sciences. Around this time, postcards were becoming a popular and entertaining form of communication. In this attractive and fascinating volume, we get a glimpse of the early images of the school, as well as the messages written by students in attendance as they kept in touch with friends and family. As the school grew and changed, so did the messages sent home from the campus.

Wicked Smaht Baby

9781455627325

$24.95

Keep track of your baby's essential New England firsts in this unique baby book. Place birthday photos and record milestones on colorful pages with hand lettered text. Capture baby's experiences with the iconic foods of the region! Colorful pages provide guided journaling of baby's first baseball game and more. Illustrated end sheets give space to record blessings from the baby shower and well wishes from loved ones in this book that will become an heirloom for generations.

Harwich

9780738505244

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Harwich, Massachusetts refused to fail. Its evolution from a small lower Cape Cod fishing village to vacation mecca is a rich and fascinating story.

Fully two thirds of Harwich's residents owed their livelihood to the sea as mariners or fishermen until the mid-nineteenth century, when the steam locomotive spelled disaster to the coastal shipping industry and the Civil Warnearly bankrupted the town. As the population declined, discovery that the sandy, acidic soil was conducive to cranberry cultivation provided much needed financial relief. However, it was the automobile that transformed the local economy and then the village society.

Harwichprovides a unique focus on how this one small coastal New England town coped with problems of national magnitude, such as industrialization and immigration. Men such as Caleb Chase, who used part of the fortune he made in Chase and Sanborn's coffee trade to finance road construction that attracted vacationers, were not always heroes to neighbors now working in the splendid hotels that accommodated these visitors.

Early History of Malden, An

9781467139410

$21.99

Settled in the 1640s and originally a part of Charlestown, Malden grew over two centuries into a thriving residential and manufacturing city.

Meet fiery revolutionary Peter Thacher and Malden industrialist and philanthropist Elisha Converse. Explore the details of the first bank robbery homicide in the United States. Learn about Malden's instructions for independence, which predated the Declaration of Independence. Delve into the suspicion and intrigue surrounding the infamous murder of Frank Converse. Author Frank Russell brings to life the first 250 years of Malden history.

The T.W. Lawson

9781596292086

$21.99

Armed with curiosity and a desire to piece together the story of the world's only seven-masted schooner, Tom Hall spent several years researching on both sides of the Atlantic, diving on the Lawson wreck and interviewing the relatives of those involved in the rescue efforts. The result of his work is the most complete account of the T. W. Lawson's story, ranging from her building and launch to her fated wreck off the Scilly Isles.

Stoneham

9780738502229

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Discover the history of Stoneham, Massachusetts, from its inception in 1725 to the 1990s, in this unprecedented pictorial history. Stoneham invites you back to the days when groceries and ice were home-delivered and when local transportation consisted of the railroad and the "Yellow Peril." Over 200 vintage photographs, many of them never before published, show this historically rich town as it once was. Learn about the automobile industry in early Stoneham and a Stoneham-produced car, which won a transcontinental race in 1909. See the early homes, police and fire departments, churches, businesses, and schools, including the first South School (1851-1938), as well as the second (1938-1998), which helped give the town its unique character and small-town charm. Meet some Stoneham men and women who defended liberty, and see what local folks did on the home front to contribute to the war effort.

Bill Tague's Berkshires

9780738563862

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Residents of and seasonal visitors to the Berkshires greeted the publication of Bill Tague's Berkshires with tremendous enthusiasm in 1996. Many lifelong fans of Tague's work were delighted to view it in compiled form, and others were introduced to the majesty and vividness of his work for the first time.
The editor of this volume--Tyler Resch--has worked together again with the photographer's wife--Irene Tague--to produce an all-new, second book on the region that presents more stunning photographs, many times accompanied by Tague's original captions. Bill Tague's Berkshires Volume II covers the history of the region from the 1950s through the 1980s, and highlights the human spirit and natural vitality that make the area what it is. From skiers to schoolchildren and from noble mountains to picturesque farmyards, Tague's images captured the essence of the area for over forty years.

Lake Boon

9780738564364

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Lake Boon was originally formed by a melting glacier hundreds of years ago; for most of its life it was a simple body of water hiding in the woods. But in the late 1800s, it suddenly took on a very exciting existence as a summer resort for several reasons: first, the lake was enlarged in order to provide waterpower to a nearby mill and was left in this enlarged state when the mill switched to electric power; second, two different railroad lines with connections to Boston were built that passed within a few miles of the lake; and third, the lake was just the right distance from Boston to attract many of its residents to the lake's shore during the summer.

The Berkshires

9780738536606

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

A beautiful vacation destination today, the Berkshires has been the chosen enclave for many influential and artistic notables since the 18th century.

Those hustling to find lodging in the Berkshires today may not know they are repeating a two-hundred fifty- year-old ritual. In the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries, the Berkshires played host to some of the most fascinating characters in American literature, politics, business, and the arts. They came with the warm breezes and left when they felt the first cold snap in the autumnal air. The Berkshires: Coach Inns to Cottages is a photographic record of Berkshire dwelling places from the rough simplicity of stagecoach inns to the glittering luxury of Gilded Age cottages. Come inside the Berkshire coach inns where ""one might be subjected to disagreeable exposures,"" as Timothy Dwight noted in 1823. Come inside the Berkshire cottages where the rich and powerful were entertained according to the precepts of fashionable society. Use this volume as a guide to the many structures that have been preserved.

Amherst and Hadley

9780738562728

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Nestled deep in the Connecticut River Valley are Amherst and Hadley, two towns responsible for the inspiration of many classic poets, writers, and thinkers of America.

Visit a place where Ralph Waldo Emerson ate dinners with Emily Dickinson's family, and see the site on which Noah Webster founded Amherst College. Look through a visual record of small towns, where the seasonal changes of the hills, fields, and woods inspired local writer Ray Stannard Baker and photographer Clifton Johnson. Meander through a place that left fond memories in the hearts and minds of former Supreme Court Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone and writer Sylvia Plath. This photographic history even offers a rare glimpse into Robert Frost's world of fire and ice. In Amherst and Hadley: Through the Seasons, the landscape changes continuously throughout the seasons, and each season brings its own natural beauty and dangers, from the scorching summers to the bitter winters.

Dover

9780738504247

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Originally part of the Dedham Grant of 1635, Dover, Massachusetts, became Dedham's Fourth Precinct in 1729 and the Springfield Parish of Dedham in 1748. When the Commonwealth incorporated it in 1836, Dover's economy was based on farming and grazing. Several companies, including the E.F. Hodgson Company and the Harvard Apparatus Company, successfully manufactured portable houses and medical instruments in Dover. However, they eventually left, as Dover remained agriculturally based. By 1896, Dover had become a suburban community. From 1900 to 1914, wealthy Bostonians--many of them members of the Norfolk Hunt Club--built at least eighteen spacious country estates in Dover, far from the noise and hubbub of the city. Population grew slowly after World War I, but in 1945, the town increased in numbers, as veterans returned from World War II and others saw the convenience of commuting to work in Boston while living in a pastoral environment. Once the home of Sen. Leverett Saltonstall, Gov. Francis Sargent, and benefactress Amelia Peabody, Dover today is an elegant country town, a mixture of estates, open fields, forests, and family neighborhoods.

Distilled in Boston

9781467151214

$23.99

Boston has a long history with distilled spirits, from Colonial times through Prohibition. More recently, there has been a resurgence in the craft distilling industry from Cape Ann to Cape Cod. Regional standouts such as Boston Harbor Distillery, Bully Boy Distillers and Short Path Distillery have opened up a new era, with more than a dozen new businesses now on the scene. The ingredients, production processes and marketing techniques are as varied as the beverages themselves. Join author Zack Lamothe as he reveals the backstory of the popular craft spirit movement in the greater Boston area.

Winchendon

9780738554624

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

With Winchendon, author Glen Wheeler has compiled a dramatic new collection of photographs that depict life in and around Winchendon from 1880 to about 1940. With the aid of over 200 vintage images, readers see what Central Street, Waterville, Spring Village, and the Old Centre looked like at the turn of the century. Other scenes show how people dressed, the churches they attended, and the shops where they worked. The home of mills and small businesses alike, it seems Winchendon has always been driven by activity and industry. Amidst these pages we can visit old-time markets, barbershops, druggists, and bookstores--places both familiar and forgotten. The toy business has been particularly important to this town; companies such as Morton E. Converse and Mason & Parker Manufacturing helped Winchendon to become known as Toy Town. The 12-foot hobby horse made by Converse in 1914 continues to be one of the town's dominant landmarks.

Salisbury Beach

9780738504445

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Salisbury Beach, surrounded by marshes and folklore of buried treasure, has long been a mecca for summer vacationers. In the "good ole summertime" of the 1890s, Salisbury Beach became the favorite resort of residents of the Merrimack Valley. Was it the magnetic force of the tide that beckoned people to the seaside, or was it the carefree carnival attitude that followed the Victorian era? Passengers arrived by horse, boat, train, electric trolley, and
then by automobile to picnic on the beach and partake of the healthy sea air. By the light of the moon and the roar of the surf, couples danced the sultry summer nights away in the Ocean Echo and later at the Frolics. With the recent demolition of the Frolics, those evenings of dancing cheek to cheek to the music of Lionel Hampton and Frank Sinatra reside now only in memories. But for a brief
moment in time, the gleaming white roller coaster towered like a giant skeleton over the amusement park while music piped out of the turret of the Ocean Echo Hotel, adding to the festive mood of the crowd.

Maynard, Massachusetts

9781467144742

$21.99

First known as Assabet Village, Maynard evolved from a scattering of marginal hill farms to a bustling center of immigration and industry. Changes came with development and growth, from the arrival of railroads through the founding of the Digital Equipment Corporation. Residents persevered through the Great Depression and World War II to create a vibrant and diverse economy along the recently restored Assabet River. The town's Sesquicentennial Steering Committee has produced an authoritative volume that details the unique history of this beautiful New England town.

Haunted Cape Cod's Sea Captains, Shipwrecks, and Spirits

9781455626823

$21.99

BEWARE THE SALTY SEA DOGS AND WRETCHED WRECKS
ALONG THE SPIRIT-FILLED COAST OF CAPE COD

Clipper ships, packet ships, whale boats, and steamers left home ports on Cape Cod to navigate the icy seas. Death demanded a toll from those aboard who dared to risk the waves--and those they left behind forever awaiting their return. Extracted from The Haunting of Cape Cod and the Islands, published by Pelican Publishing, plus four new chapters, each tale brims with a froth of fascinating facts related to the ghostly mariners and their exploits . . . or their watery graves. Addresses for these fraught sites can be found at the end of the book; contacting the ghosts is up to you.

Haunted Cape Cod's Sea Captains, Shipwrecks, and Spirits

The History of Martha's Vineyard

9781933212715

$24.95

Published in association with the Martha's Vineyard Historical Society, this comprehensive illustrated history of the island was written by its foremost authority.

South Boston

9780738564234

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Visit territory such as the House of Reformation at City Point and the Home for the Feeble-minded at City Point. Explore the Perkins Institute for the Blind, relocated in the former
Mount Washington House in 1839. City Point boasts its own attractions, such as the old aquarium, designed by William Downer Austin; the Head House, designed by Edmund March Wheelwright; and a spectacular view from Castle Island. With more than 200 photographs, Anthony Sammarco probes yet deeper into the history of South Boston. A well-known local historian, Sammarco is a resident of Milton and the author of over twenty different titles. His extensive knowledge of the Greater Boston area promises a thorough guide to the city's most fascinating landmarks and inhabitants.

Haverhill, Massachusetts

9780738549712

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Local author Patricia Trainor O'Malley captures the exuberance and vitality of Haverhill's ""Golden Age"" with more than 200 photographs from the Haverhill Public Library Special Collections.

In 1850, Haverhill, Massachusetts, was a small mercantile and farming town with slightly fewer than6,000 residents. One half-century later, six times that many people called Haverhill home, and it had become an industrial center ranked as one of the top five shoe producers in the nation. The bustling downtown area featured buildings of uniform red-brick construction; elegant Victorian-style houses and new municipal buildings were erected; and civic pride was very evident. This was Haverhill's ""Golden Age."" Included in this fascinating portrait are some of the oldest-known images of downtown Haverhill from the 1850s and 1860s.

Truro

9780738509716

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Tiny Truro lies nestled between Wellfleet and Provincetown at the very end of Cape Cod. Incorporated in 1709, it was originally called Pamet by the Payomet Indians who resided there. Truro is a place of spectacular natural beauty, with a rich heritage of fishing, farming, and recreation by the sea. It has been a summer resort destination for more than one hundred years and has attracted scores of artists, authors, and other notable characters to its shores. Photographs of the founding families, their homesteads, and the breathtaking beauty of the cliffs at Highland Light are reflected in Truro. The churches where the town's residents mourned their men when they were lost at sea and served as beacons for ships in the dangerous waters off the coast are recorded in these early images. The spirit, playfulness, and dedication of the community is captured here, from the celebration party re-creating the Pilgrims' landing to the dogged weariness of trap fishermen at the end of a long, hard day.

Walpole

9780738564814

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Walpole, Massachusetts, located about 20 miles southwest of Boston, has undergone an interesting
transformation from a rural community dotted with farms, to an industrial landscape dominated by factories and plants, to a modern bedroom suburb of Boston. This volume of over two hundred photographs, many published for the first time, presents a well-rounded view of Walpole from the late eighteenth century into the mid-twentieth century. Readers will see a Walpole that has mostly disappeared and will have the opportunity to stroll down Main Street before it and other roads were paved, to observe and peek into forgotten, antiquated homes and government buildings, and to walk in the shadows of the great mills. Two of the nationally known industries that this book touches upon are Kendall's Curity, which produced diapers, band aids, and other medical supplies; and Bird and Son, which manufactured roofing shingles, siding products, floor coverings, and cardboard boxes.

Cape Ann in Stereoviews

9780738504919

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

A unique and fascinating pictorial record of Cape Ann's rugged beauty and rich heritage from the steroview era.

The years that followed the bloody Great War, which divided the nation, up through the start of the 20th century were a remarkable era of growth and prosperity for the towns and villages of Cape Ann. Swift-sailing schooners manned by hardy and able seamen from the fisheries of Gloucester ranged far out into the Atlantic. Millions of tons of granite laboriously cut from the bountiful quarries of Rockport were shipped to ports near and far. Essex shipyards, fueled by the demands of the Gloucester fisheries and the Rockport granite industries, turned out new and larger ships in even greater numbers. Tourism became a major industry, as dozens of the famous and grand North shore hotels were erected along the shores of Gloucester, Rockport, Magnolia, and Manchester-by-the-Sea.

Coincidentally, the years from 1865 to the early 20th century were a time when stereo photography and stereoscopic images, especially stereoview cards, enjoyed immense popularity. Cape Ann was fortunate to have several outstanding stereo photographers and publishers during this grand era, and they produced many excellent views of the Cape's natural wonders, its commercial activities and the life and times of its industrious townspeople.

Westport

9780738556673

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

The town of Westport has long been tied to the sea. Its abundant rivers provided waterpower for cotton and iron manufacturing, and its protected harbor served as a base for the whaling and fishing industry. Since it was first settled in the 1670s, generations of farmers have worked Westport's soil, and agriculture remains an important part of this coastal community. Water continues to define this community, there is still an active commercial fishing fleet, waterfront cottages fill with summer residents, and day-trippers flock to the long sandy crescent of Horseneck Beach. Westport's beauty is not simply in its past but exists today in the well-preserved 18th- and 19th-century homes, the pristine landscape, and the rich community life of its villages.

Bridgewater

9780738513379

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Not long after the Pilgrims came ashore, Bridgewater became the first inland settlement to branch out from the Plymouth Colony, incorporating in 1656. Its fertile soil and bountiful rivers provided for a rich agricultural community. As the Industrial Revolution forced farmers into factories, Bridgewater experienced rapid social and economic growth and change. Iron, shoe, and paper manufacturing flourished, and the railroad brought European immigrants in search of the American Dream. In Bridgewater, vintage images tell the stories of the Bridgewater Academy, the normal school, the changes in and around the common, the business pursuits of local proprietors, and the spiritual and civic life of Bridgewater residents.

A Garden Lover's Martha's Vineyard

9781933212593

$34.95

In this sequel to her 2007 best-seller A Garden Lover's Cape Cod, one of New England's foremost gardeners photographs and analyzes her favorite public and private gardens on Martha's Vineyard.

Cover image for A Garden Lover's Martha's Vineyard, isbn: 9781933212593

Legendary Locals of Arlington

9781467102230

$24.99

From its days as the site of a Revolutionary War battle to its modern-day appeal as a restaurant mecca, Arlington, at its heart, is a community of active citizens. Once agricultural, Arlington is now a cosmopolitan suburb and home to businesspeople, scientists, artists, and others who have been supported by their town and, in turn, have created an energetic community. Peg Spengler's foresight helped shape town government while James McGough's dream of a museum honoring local sculptor Cyrus Dallin came true. Dentist George Franklin Grant was the first African American on Harvard's faculty and invented the golf tee; years later, Bob Frankston invented the spreadsheet. John Mirak, orphaned in the Armenian genocide, became a town benefactor while Howard Clery turned a family tragedy into a cause to help others. The Hurd and Greeley families have long served their community as public servants. Their stories make up Legendary Locals of Arlington, paying tribute to just some of the people who make this dynamic town their home.

Wayland

9780738504414

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

Wayland is a classic New England village, complete with white steepled churches and picket fences. Located in central Middlesex County, it is a mirror of New England regional history: the town's first road, church, and farmhouse were all built in the mid-1600s; monuments stand to honor heroes from King Philip's War to Vietnam; and the town was home to famous writers and ministers, including the authors of "Over the River and Through the Woods" and "It Came Upon a Midnight Clear." Wayland boasts a bell cast by Paul Revere, the state's first public library, and over sixty barns remaining from its agricultural past. Situated in the broad valley of the Sudbury River, with views across the river meadows to Nobscot Mountain, the town has experienced the ebb and flow of New England's prosperity and economic hardship. Wayland tells this story with over 200 striking photographic images, many never before published, selected primarily from the extensive collection of the Wayland Historical Society. Pictures of farmers, factory workers, trolleys, and schools help to tell the unique and fascinating history of the town. Wayland has two separate neighborhoods, Wayland Center and Cochituate Village, each with its own distinctive landscape, which are now merging with the rapid suburban growth of Greater Boston.

Jewish Community of the North Shore, The

9780738513294

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

The Jewish Community of the North Shore captures the vibrant history of Jewish immigration, entrepreneurship, and community life north of Boston. The first major influx of Jewish immigrants to the region came in the late nineteenth century as eastern Europeans fled oppression and persecution in search of a new life in the land of freedom and promise. Many Jews found work in the tanneries of Peabody, known worldwide as the Leather City, and in the shoe factories of Lynn, while others ran their own businesses, including kosher butcher shops, newspapers, and retail trade stores in Salem and Beverly. Culled from the impressive archives of the Jewish Historical Society of the North Shore, this rare compilation pays tribute to the Jewish immigrants who settled north of Boston and their descendants who became prominent business, spiritual, and community leaders.

Jewish Community of the North Shore, The

Harriet Jacobs in New Bedford

9781467141703

$21.99

In 1861, Harriet Ann Jacobs published a masterpiece, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Her book is the first and only narrative to give voice to a woman who escaped slavery. Cornelia Grinnell Willis not only purchased Harriet's freedom, but she also developed a bond with Harriet and her daughter, Louisa, that lasted a lifetime. Both women suffered trauma as children and miraculously survived. They also had close ties to New Bedford that have not been examined previously. Cornelia married Nathaniel Parker Willis, considered an American Dickens during his lifetime though largely forgotten today. Join author and local historian Peggi Medeiros as she traces the fascinating lives of the Jacobs, Grinnell and Willis families in and out of New Bedford.

Princeton and Wachusett Mountain

9780738511962

$24.99 $17.00 Save 32%

In 1632, after climbing up the face of a boulder near present-day Waltham and facing west toward Neipnett, Gov. John Winthrop sighted Wachusett Mountain rising against the setting sun. However, the idea of a town did not take hold until 1742, when the first settler, Joshua Wilder, arrived from Lancaster and established a tavern. By the mid-1800s, magnificent hotels and guesthouses dotted Princeton's landscape. Princeton and Wachusett Mountain shows the early days of tourism when visitors from Boston, New York, and Philadelphia rode stagecoaches to relax in the shade, play croquet on the common, and breathe country air. The village of East Princeton, meanwhile, flourished differently-chair factories used a fast-moving stream to run machines, and farmers worked the fields. Village life was simple and focused on family and the earth.